Egypt

Cairo
Egypt

Arab Republic of Egypt

Where civilisation meets the Nile

Capital
Cairo
AreaUnder review
1,002,450 km²
Population
≈ 118 million (2025)
Currency
Egyptian pound (EGP)
Language
Arabic (official)
Main airportUnder review
Cairo International Airport (CAI)
Calling code
+20
Best time to visitUnder review
October to April (milder weather)

Overview

Geography

Egypt occupies the north-eastern corner of Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula reaching into western Asia. It borders the Mediterranean to the north and the Red Sea to the east. The Nile crosses it from south to north before splitting into the Rosetta and Damietta branches in the Delta. Desert covers most of the land: the Western Desert west of the Nile and the Eastern Desert between the river and the Red Sea.

Under reviewSource: ويكيبيديا — مصر / EgyptUpdated:

Government

A republic with a semi-presidential system, governed by the 2014 constitution as amended in 2019. The legislature comprises the House of Representatives and the Senate, and the country is divided into 27 governorates.

Under reviewSource: Constitute Project — Egypt's Constitution of 2014 (rev. 2019)Updated:

People & sport

Egypt is among the most populous Arab countries. Most people live in a narrow strip along the Nile Valley and Delta, while the deserts remain sparsely populated.

Under reviewSource: ويكيبيديا — مصر / EgyptUpdated:

Football is the most popular sport; Egypt holds the record for Africa Cup of Nations titles (7). Egyptian players have also led the world squash rankings for years.

Under reviewSource: CAF — Confederation of African Football (official)Updated:

Where Egypt sits on the continent

Egypt — Neighbouring countries: Libya، Sudan، PalestineLibyaSudanPalestineEgypt
Borders are approximate, from Natural Earth, for display only, and imply no political position.

Neighbouring countries

  • Libya
  • Sudan
  • Palestine

Source: mledoze/countries — world countries datasetUpdated:

The Nile: where Egypt lives

The Nile enters Egypt from the south at Lake Nasser and flows north between the Western and Eastern deserts until it splits near Cairo into two branches that reach the Mediterranean.

Under reviewSource: لوحة التصميم المعتمدة من صاحب الموقع (docs/design/تصميم عربي تريب.pdf)Updated:

  • ≈ 1,470 kmLength inside EgyptUnder review
  • Two branchesRosetta and Damietta
  • Most peoplelive on its banks and in the DeltaUnder review

Measured on Natural Earth 1:10m lines inside Egypt: main channel (1,232 km) plus the longer branch. Cartographic approximation.

Browse the governorates along its banks

The Nile flows from south to north

The Nile from Aswan to the Delta: Alexandria، Rosetta، Damietta، Cairo، Minya، Asyut، Luxor، Aswan، Abu SimbelMediterranean SeaRed SeaWestern DesertSinaiDeltaLake NasserAlexandriaRosettaDamiettaCairoMinyaAsyutLuxorAswanAbu Simbel
  • River Nile and its branches
  • Green valley strip and Delta
  • Lake Nasser

City coordinates are approximate, for display only. Borders are approximate, from Natural Earth, for display only, and imply no political position.

Source: Natural Earth 1:10m & 1:50mUpdated:

The 27 governorates

Tap a governorate to see its sights and what it is known for

Cairo

Under review

Capital: Cairo

Key districts

  • وسط البلد
  • الزمالك
  • مصر الجديدة
  • المعادي
  • مدينة نصر
  • القاهرة الفاطمية (الجمالية)
  • مصر القديمة

Highlights

  • المتحف المصري بالتحرير
  • قلعة صلاح الدين
  • خان الخليلي وشارع المعز
  • الجامع الأزهر
  • برج القاهرة
  • مجمع الأديان

Known for العمارة الإسلامية الفاطمية والمملوكية، الكشري والمأكولات الشعبية، الحياة الثقافية والمسارح

Governorate page

Top places to visit

Six destinations covering antiquities, sea and desert

Luxor & Aswan

Karnak, the Valley of the Kings, Philae and Abu Simbel, with a Nile cruise between the two cities.

Under review

Sharm El Sheikh & Dahab

Diving, coral reefs, Saint Catherine and Mount Sinai.

Under review

Alexandria

The Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Qaitbay Citadel and the corniche.

Under review

Siwa Oasis

Salt lakes, springs, the Mountain of the Dead and desert sands.

Under review

Under reviewSource: لوحة التصميم المعتمدة من صاحب الموقع (docs/design/تصميم عربي تريب.pdf)Updated:

Trip plan and cost

Choose the number of days, travel style and travellers

  1. Day 1

    الأهرامات والمتحف الكبير

    Pyramids of Giza & the Sphinx، Grand Egyptian Museum

  2. Day 2

    القاهرة التاريخية

    Historic Cairo

  3. Day 3

    السفر إلى الأقصر ومعابد البر الشرقي

    Karnak Temples

  4. Day 4

    البر الغربي: وادي الملوك ومعبد حتشبسوت

    Valley of the Kings

  5. Day 5

    العودة إلى القاهرة

Cost calculator

Under review
Travel style
Travellers
2

Estimated cost excluding flights

Cost figures are under review

No sourced cost figures yet. The calculator activates once daily rates are added and reviewed.

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Under reviewSource: تحرير عربي تريب — محتوى تحريري بانتظار مراجعة المالكUpdated:

Under reviewSource: تحرير عربي تريب — محتوى تحريري بانتظار مراجعة المالكUpdated:

Visa

Visa page

Egypt offers an e-Visa for many nationalities via its official portal; rules and fees vary by nationality and visa type. Always confirm on the official portal or with the nearest Egyptian embassy before travelling.

Official visa portal

Visa information is indicative and changes often. The official authority is the final reference.

Under reviewSource: Egypt e-Visa portal (official)Updated:

Getting there

Airports

  • Cairo International Airport (CAI)
  • Hurghada International Airport (HRG)
  • Sharm El Sheikh International Airport (SSH)
  • Luxor International Airport (LXR)
  • Aswan International Airport (ASW)
  • Borg El Arab International Airport (Alexandria) (HBE)
  • Sphinx International Airport (west Cairo) (SPX)

Under reviewSource: ويكيبيديا — مصر / EgyptUpdated:

Airlines

  • EgyptAir (flag carrier)
  • Air Cairo
  • Nile Air

Under reviewSource: EgyptAir (official)Updated:

Notable people

  • Naguib Mahfouz

    Literature · 1911–2006

    Novelist; the first Arab to win the Nobel Prize in Literature (1988).

    Under review
  • Taha Hussein

    Literature · 1889–1973

    Writer and critic known as the 'Dean of Arabic Literature'.

    Under review
  • Umm Kulthum

    Culture & arts · Died 1975

    Singer regarded as one of the most celebrated voices in Arabic music.

    Under review
  • Omar Sharif

    Culture & arts · 1932–2015

    Egyptian actor who achieved international film stardom.

    Under review
  • Ahmed Zewail

    Science · 1946–2016

    Chemist; Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1999) for femtosecond research.

    Under review
  • Sameera Moussa

    Science · 1917–1952

    Pioneering Egyptian nuclear physicist.

    Under review
  • Imhotep

    History

    Architect and vizier of the Third Dynasty, credited with designing Djoser's Step Pyramid at Saqqara.

    Under review
  • Hatshepsut

    History

    Eighteenth-Dynasty queen whose temple at Deir el-Bahari is a masterpiece of ancient Egyptian architecture.

    Under review
  • Magdi Yacoub

    Science · Born 1935

    World-renowned heart surgeon and founder of the Aswan Heart Centre.

    Under review
  • Mohamed Salah

    Sport · Born 1992

    International footballer and one of the world's leading players.

    Under review

Traveller's guide

Tips

  • احمل نقوداً بالجنيه المصري للمشتريات الصغيرة والإكراميات، فليست كل الأماكن تقبل البطاقات.
  • اتفق على أجرة التاكسي مسبقاً أو استخدم تطبيقات النقل.
  • اشرب المياه المعبأة واحمِ نفسك من الشمس، خصوصاً في الصعيد صيفاً.
  • احجز تذاكر المواقع الكبرى مبكراً في موسم الذروة.

Customs & etiquette

  • ارتدِ ملابس محتشمة عند زيارة المساجد والكنائس والأحياء الشعبية.
  • اطلب الإذن قبل تصوير الأشخاص.
  • الإكرامية («البقشيش») جزء معتاد من الخدمات.
  • تتغير مواعيد العمل وأوقات الطعام في رمضان.

Emergency numbers

Police
122
Ambulance
123
Fire
180
Tourist police
126

Under review

Under reviewSource: Egyptian Tourism Authority — Experience Egypt (official)Updated:

Sources